Merit

MERIT®

Komposisi :
1. Guazumae Folium
2. Rhei Radix
3. Granati Fructus

Khasiat : pelangsing
1. Guazumae Folium
Zat aktif :
Secara umum, zat utama yang terkandung dari seluruh bagian tanaman adalah tanin dan musilago. Kandungan lainnya yaitu resin, flavonoid, karotenoid, asam fenolat, zat pahit, karbohidrat, kafein, terpen, juga senyawa – senyawa lain seperti sterol, beta-sitosterol, friedelin-3-alfa-asetat, friedelin -3-beta-ol,alkoloida serta karbohidrat dan minyak lemak.

Zat yang berkhasiat pelangsing :
Tanin yang banyak terkandung di bagian daun, mampu mengurangi penyerapan makanan dengan cara mengendapkan mukosa protein yang ada dalam permukaan usus. Sementara itu, musilago yang berbentuk lendir bersifat sebagai pelicin. Dengan adanya musilago, absorbsi usus terhadap makanan dapat dikurangi. Hal ini yang yang menjadi alasan banyaknya daun jati belanda yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat susut perut dan pelangsing. Dalam perkembangannya, daun jati belanda juga banyak dimanfaatkan untuk mengatasi penyakit kolesterol.

Struktur tannin

 Struktur musilago

2. Rhei Radix
Zat aktif (menurut Kathi J. Kemper) :
Anthranoids, khususnya anthraquinone glycosides : rhein (sennosides A dan B), aloe-emodin, physcion
Oxalic acid
Tannins (5% - 10%): gallotannin, catechin, procyanidin
Lainya : pectin, phenolic carboxylic acids

Zat aktif yang berkhasiat pelangsing :
Rhein (sennosides A dan B). Zat ini memiliki efek laksatif sehingga membantu dalam penurunan berat badan.
Sennoside A & B (C42H38O20)

Evidence Base :
Regionally differential effects of sennoside A on spontaneous contractions of colon in mice.
Kobayashi M, Yamaguchi T, Odaka T, Nakamura T, Tsuchiya S, Yokosuka O, Yano S.
Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. rinko_kobayashi@yahoo.co.jp
Abstract
Sennosides, the most popular irritant laxatives, cause purgative actions in the intestine through biotransformation to rhein anthrone; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to define colonic motor actions of sennoside A with special reference to purgative action. Mice received a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg sennoside A, and the colon was removed about 6 hr later. Contractions of longitudinal and circular muscles were recorded using an isometric force transducer and a pressure transducer, respectively. In longitudinal muscle preparations, spontaneous contractions were augmented in distal colon compared to control. In circular muscle preparations, contractions were reduced in the proximal colon, but increased in the distal colon. Particularly in the proximal colon, the frequency of high-amplitude contraction was reduced. In the control group, non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic treatment decreased the amplitude of contractions in the proximal colon, but not in the distal colon. In the sennoside A group, non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic treatment only slightly depressed the amplitude of contractions in the proximal and distal colon. To confirm a causal relationship between luminal prostaglandin level and purgative action of sennoside A, the mice were treated with indomethacin. Significant changes induced by sennoside A were attenuated by indomethacin treatment. The present study indicates that spontaneous motility is inhibited by sennoside A in the proximal colon, but accelerated in the distal colon, and that effects are associated with luminal prostanoid level and only partially with cholinergic nerve mediation.

Efek toksisitas dari senyawa sennosides A dan B :
Cytotoxicity of rhein, the active metabolite of sennoside laxatives, is reduced by multidrug resistance-associated protein 1.
van Gorkom BA, Timmer-Bosscha H, de Jong S, van der Kolk DM, Kleibeuker JH, de Vries EG.
Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Abstract
Anthranoid laxatives, belonging to the anthraquinones as do anthracyclines, possibly increase colorectal cancer risk. Anthracyclines interfere with topoisomerase II, intercalate DNA and are substrates for P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1. P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 protect colonic epithelial cells against xenobiotics. The aim of this study was to analyse the interference of anthranoids with these natural defence mechanisms and the direct cytotoxicity of anthranoids in cancer cell lines expressing these mechanisms in varying combinations. A cytotoxicity profile of rhein, aloe emodin and danthron was established in related cell lines exhibiting different levels of topoisomerases, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and P-glycoprotein. Interaction of rhein with multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 was studied by carboxy fluorescein efflux and direct cytotoxicity by apoptosis induction. Rhein was less cytotoxic in the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 overexpressing GLC4/ADR cell line compared to GLC4. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 inhibition with MK571 increased rhein cytotoxicity. Carboxy fluorescein efflux was blocked by rhein. No P-glycoprotein dependent rhein efflux was observed, nor was topoisomerase II responsible for reduced toxicity. Rhein induced apoptosis but did not intercalate DNA. Aloe emodin and danthron were no substrates for MDR mechanisms. Rhein is a substrate for multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and induces apoptosis. It could therefore render the colonic epithelium sensitive to cytotoxic agents, apart from being toxic in itself.